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   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">16.3. </span> <a 
  name="x88-13100016.3"></a>Shell Bound Calculation</h3>
<!--l. 5692--><p class="noindent">The program &#x2019;bound&#x2019; can calculate a shell bound or a sampling shell bound. To do these
calculations, two extra parameters must be specified:
</p><!--l. 5696--><p class="indent">
           </p><ol type="1" class="enumerate1" start="1" 
>
        <li class="enumerate"><a 
  name="x88-131002x1"></a>error_log_count &#x003C;int&#x003E; &#x003C;float&#x003E;: &#x003C;float&#x003E; should be the log (base e) of
        the number of hypotheses with &#x003C;int&#x003E; empirical error.
           </li>
        <li class="enumerate"><a 
  name="x88-131004x2"></a>sample_space_log_size &#x003C;float&#x003E;: &#x003C;float&#x003E; should be the size of space of
        hypotheses uniformly sampled from if the evaluation is inexact (and not
        passed if the evaluation is exact)</li></ol>
<!--l. 5702--><p class="nopar"> Suppose wanted to use the shell bound and knew that <!--l. 5703--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">
<mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup 
></mrow></math> hypotheses had <!--l. 5704--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">
<mrow 
><mn>2</mn><mn>5</mn></mrow></math> training error
and <!--l. 5704--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">        <mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>3</mn><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup 
></mrow></math>
had <!--l. 5704--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">        <mrow 
><mn>5</mn><mn>0</mn></mrow></math>
training errors. Then, we might apply the bound as:
                                                                     

                                                                     
</p>
   <table width="100%" 
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td 
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
12:07AM&#x00A0;z-28:&#x00A0;cat&#x00A0;shell_error
&#x00A0;<br />train_examples&#x00A0;100
&#x00A0;<br />train_errors&#x00A0;3
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;3&#x00A0;1
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;25&#x00A0;5
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;50&#x00A0;30
&#x00A0;<br />delta&#x00A0;0.3
&#x00A0;<br />12:07AM&#x00A0;z-29:&#x00A0;bound&#x00A0;shell_error
&#x00A0;<br />Applying&#x00A0;varying&#x00A0;approximation&#x00A0;tail&#x00A0;bound
&#x00A0;<br />Applying&#x00A0;shell&#x00A0;bound
&#x00A0;<br />delta&#x00A0;0.3
&#x00A0;<br />lower_delta&#x00A0;0.5
&#x00A0;<br />train_examples&#x00A0;100
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;3&#x00A0;1
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;25&#x00A0;5
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;50&#x00A0;30
&#x00A0;<br />approximation&#x00A0;automatic
&#x00A0;<br />true_error&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;0.03&#x00A0;0.144696196541&#x00A0;0.0266506755725
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 5728--><p class="indent">   Now, suppose that we wanted to use the sampling shell bound and sampled <!--l. 5728--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">
<mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup 
> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">+</mo> <msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup 
></mrow></math> times observing <!--l. 5729--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">
<mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup 
></mrow></math> hypotheses with
training error <!--l. 5729--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">        <mrow 
><mn>2</mn><mn>5</mn></mrow></math>
and <!--l. 5729--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">        <mrow 
><msup><mrow 
><mi 
>e</mi></mrow><mrow 
><mn>1</mn><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup 
></mrow></math> with
training error <!--l. 5730--><math 
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" 
mode="inline">        <mrow 
><mn>5</mn><mn>0</mn></mrow></math>.
Then, we might apply &#x2019;bound&#x2019; as follows:
                                                                     

                                                                     
</p>
   <table width="100%" 
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td 
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
12:23AM&#x00A0;z-36:&#x00A0;cat&#x00A0;sampling_shell_error
&#x00A0;<br />train_examples&#x00A0;100
&#x00A0;<br />train_errors&#x00A0;3
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;3&#x00A0;1
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;25&#x00A0;5
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;50&#x00A0;10
&#x00A0;<br />sample_space_log_size&#x00A0;30
&#x00A0;<br />delta&#x00A0;0.3
&#x00A0;<br />12:23AM&#x00A0;z-37:&#x00A0;bound&#x00A0;sampling_shell_error
&#x00A0;<br />Applying&#x00A0;varying&#x00A0;approximation&#x00A0;tail&#x00A0;bound
&#x00A0;<br />Applying&#x00A0;shell&#x00A0;bound
&#x00A0;<br />delta&#x00A0;0.3
&#x00A0;<br />lower_delta&#x00A0;0.5
&#x00A0;<br />train_examples&#x00A0;100
&#x00A0;<br />sample_space_log_size&#x00A0;30
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;3&#x00A0;1
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;25&#x00A0;5
&#x00A0;<br />error_log_count&#x00A0;50&#x00A0;10
&#x00A0;<br />approximation&#x00A0;automatic
&#x00A0;<br />true_error&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;0.03&#x00A0;0.405203092843&#x00A0;0.0266506755725
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 5756--><p class="indent">
                                                                     

                                                                     
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